It traces the genealogy of how the region of Paphlagonia within classical geography came about in the work of 19th and 20th century colonial antiquarians, geographers, and archaeologists and demonstrates the modernist and nationalist underpinnings of their writings. The dissertation develops a post-colonial critique of the ancient and modern discourses that reimagine Paphlagonia and Paphlagonians as marginal, uncivilized, and tribal.
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A series of ubiquitous, columnar rockcut tombs spread across the Paphlagonian landscape function as significant monuments where such hybrid identities and political alignments are negotiated. Recent archaeological surveys and excavations in the region, however, present a different perspective: a complex and contested landscape politically and culturally related to the Black Sea and Anatolia, as well as the wider Aegean and Achaemenid worlds. Classically-informed historians writing about the Achaemenid period also speak of Paphlagonia as a bounded region, divided into several rival chiefdoms. In the classical literary sources and the imperial narratives of the Achaemenid Empire, the region of Paphlagonia has been characterized as a mountainous frontier, inhabited by migrants and ruled by gluttonous dynasts. 550-330 BCE), a mountainous region in northern central Turkey that extends from the verdant Black Sea coast to the sparser Anatolian plateau. This dissertation presents a critical study of the landscapes of Achaemenid-period Paphlagonia (c. Keywords: Phrygian, Altars, Matar, Rock Facades, Niches, İdol. They are composed of steps and idols which symbolize the goddess. These altars are three dimensional monuments carved out in isolated rocks. In this study the Phrygian rock cut stepped altars have been studied. The monumental rock facades, the stepped altars and the niches are the most original and impressive types of these monuments. The prominence of Matar is demonstrated by a series of religious rock monuments. This goddess was accepted later in the Greek and Roman World. She is the goddess of nature and fertility. Abstract: The Phrygians have a special place among the Iron Age Kingdoms of Anatolia in the first half of the 1st millenium B.C.The archaeological and epigraphical evidence for Phrygian religious cult indicates that the major divinity was a goddess known to the Phrygians as Matar/Mother Goddess who has her origin in Anatolia. Anahtar Kelimeler: Phryg, Altar, Matar, Kaya Fasadı, Niş, İdol. Bu altarlar, kayalara oyulmuş üç boyutlu anıtlardır ve kaya basamakları ile tanrıçayı simgeleyen kaya idollerinden oluşurlar. Bu çalışmada basamaklı Phryg kaya altarları ele alınmıştır. Anıtsal kaya fasatları, basamaklı altarlar ve nişler bu anıtların en orijinal ve en gösterişli örneklerini oluşturur.
Kayaya oyulmuş çok sayıdaki kült anıtı Tanrıça Matar’a duyulan derin saygı ve bağlılığın kanıtıdır. Daha sonra Yunan ve Roma dünyasında da benimsenmiştir. Bu Tanrıça doğanın ve bereketin temsilcisidir. Arkeolojik ve epigrafik belgeler Phryg dininde Anadolu kökenli Ana Tanrıça’nın Phrygler için adeta tek tanrı olarak Matar şeklinde tapınım gördüğünü gözler önüne sermiştir. Rahşan TAMSÜ POLAT Öz: Phrygler, M.Ö.1.bin yılın ilk yarısında Anadolu Demir Çağ Krallıkları içinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. YENİ BULUNTULAR IŞIĞINDA PHRYG KAYA ALTARLARI VE BİR TİPOLOJİ ÖNERİSİ PHRYGIAN ROCK-CUT ALTARS IN THE LIGHT OF NEW FINDINGS AND A TYPOLOGY PROPOSAL Arş.
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